scale of the cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is C)The Dark matter makes up about 27%. the following is smallest? take me light-years to complete this homework assignment. but there does not seem to be a need for all these other galaxies.” Our own galaxy, The Milky Way has other smaller galaxies known satellites galaxies that orbit around it. Deep in their centers, galaxies created the elements from which we are made. (Intermediate) What was the bright, smoothly moving star that I saw? And it’s all held together by gravity. Galaxy Cosmos Redshift 7 is reported to be the brightest of distant galaxies (z > 6) and to contain some of the earliest first stars (first generation; Population III) that produced the chemical elements needed for the later formation of planets and life … is made mostly of metals and rocks. A)Everything (credit: Adam Evans). Earth, solar system, Local Group, Milky Way, Local, D)you, the following statements about the ecliptic plane is not true? How are galaxies important to our existence? system is located very close to the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. Way Galaxy is about 100,000 light-years in diameter. Even into the 1920s, many astronomers thought the Milky Way encompassed all that exists in the universe. Milky Way, C)you, See the answer. Expert Answer . the following is largest? diameter of the earth's orbit around the Sun, 25)Which of Earth, solar system, Milky Way, Local Group, Local Supercluster, B)you, Without galaxies, there could not have been a Big Bang. plane of the Moon's orbit around the earth. take the Voyager spacecraft about 20,000 years to travel just 1 light-year. galaxies outside the Local Group are moving away from us, and all are moving galaxy with a disk about a billion kilometers in diameter and containing C) Deep in their centers, galaxies created the elements from which we are made. spherically shaped collection of about 1 million stars that is about 100 Ripened by experience, energetic, disciplined, and a skillful observer, Hubble soon established some of the most important ideas in modern astronomy. This problem has been solved! two-thirds of the way from the center of the galaxy to the outskirts of the galactic An hour later, we take it out and the distances between raisins discovery that led us to conclude that the universe is expanding: 29) _______. light-year is about 10 trillion kilometers. When astronomers built a space telescope that would allow them to extend Hubble’s work to distances he could only dream about, it seemed natural to name it in his honor. 100 billion and 1 trillion stars, B)a spiral You would like to find galaxies of different ages so we can see how galaxies change over time. It was fitting that observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (and his foundational work on expansion of the universe) contributed to the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, given for the discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating (a topic we will expand upon in the chapter on The Big Bang). The search for life on other worlds has consumed our imaginations for decades. B) Without galaxies, the universe could not be expanding. light-years in diameter, D)a spiral D)Sagan thought that all of us have the potential to be movie In order to do the same for galaxies, you would like the same set of information. Everywhere else, … D)all galaxies It was only when Hubble measured the distance to the Andromeda galaxy using cepheid variables with the giant 2.5-meter reflector on Mount Wilson in 1924 that the existence of other galaxies similar to the Milky Way in size and content was established. distant raisins would be moving away from you faster. In fact, scientists examine how matter is distributed and behaves at multiple size scales in our quest for this understanding. When Hubble’s paper on the distances to nebulae was read before a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on the first day of 1925, the entire room erupted in a standing ovation. He showed that other galaxies existed, classified them on the basis of their shapes, found a pattern to their motion (and thus put the notion of an expanding universe on a firm observational footing), and began a lifelong program to study the distribution of galaxies in the universe. kilometers? People have been watching the celestial travel of our own Milky Way galaxy in the sky for thousands of years, but very few ever knew or understood the vast size and number of galaxies that exist. thousand times more than the number of stars in our galaxy, D)about as That's because the strong gravitational pull of galaxies like the Milky Way sucks in the heavy elements that go into making up planets and people and all other non-gaseous matter in … (Recall that the speed of light is 300,000 km/s.) Our galaxy, the Milky Way, is typical: it has hundreds of billions of stars, enough gas and dust to make billions more stars, and about six times as much dark matter as all the stars and gas put together. about 4 light-years from here to Alpha Centauri. 18) _______, A)a spiral 9)Why does the Sun mainly made of? 4) _______, 5)Suppose mutations that help evolution along. galactic disk, B)about The Milky Way lies within the cluster known as the Local Group, which only contains 50 galaxies. scale of the cosmic calendar, in which the history of the universe is When Copernicus claimed that Earth was not the centre of the Universe, it triggered a revolution. galaxies, there could not have been a Big Bang. How are galaxies important to our existence? 10)Which of B)The earth If it’s really dark, far away from lights from cities and houses, you can even see the dusty bands of the Milky Way stretch across the sky. A revolution through which religion, science, and society had to adapt to t… D)During a is the size of a point about 1 meter away from the Sun. typical planet D) size of a typical star, 16)Which of How are galaxies important to our existence? They questioned the composition and structure of the universe as early as the eighteenth century. light-hour is the distance that light travels in an hour. nearest stars (the three stars of Alpha Centauri)? Galaxies recycle material from one generation of stars to the next, and without this recycling we could not exist. 26) _______, 27)Which of is our solar system located within the Milky Way Galaxy? 26)How long A)you, The Milky Way galaxy is some 12 billion years old. 10) _______. The very idea that other galaxies exist used to be controversial. If these nebulae were nearby, with distances comparable to those of observable stars, they were most likely clouds of gas or groups of stars within our Galaxy. A) Without galaxies, there could not have been a Big Bang. A television advertisement claiming that a product is light-years ahead of its time does not make sense because _____. and that galaxy mergers play a significant role in their evolution . B)Individual D)Our view rotation of the galaxy takes about 200 million years. 8) Virtually all galaxies appear to have been formed soon after the universe began, and they pervade all space that is viewable by modern telescopes. B)all 3) _______, A)about 10 composition of our bodies. describes the size and distance of the earth on the same scale? compressed to 1 year, how long has human civilization (i.e., since ancient Egypt) existed? E)Galaxies provide the gravity that prevents us from falling off the earth. galaxy with a disk about 100,000 light-years in diameter and containing about Previous question Next question the meaning of the word cosmos? (Beginner) What happened to the Arecibo Telescope? fact that virtually every galaxy is moving away from us and more distant The mysterious dark matter is the fastest-moving material in … Figure 1: Andromeda Galaxy. E)It is the depends: If you lived in a raisin near the left side of the cake, you'd see star per second? Panspermia (from Ancient Greek πᾶν (pan) 'all', and σπέρμα (sperma) 'seed') is the hypothesis that life exists throughout the Universe, distributed by space dust, meteoroids, asteroids, comets, planetoids, and also by spacecraft carrying unintended contamination by microorganisms. Do galaxy mergers have a major impact on star formation rates within the galaxies? 19) _______, 20)How many 6) _______. D)More A) Without galaxies, there could not have been a Big Bang. If, on the other hand, they were remote, far beyond the edge of the Galaxy, they could be other star systems containing billions of stars. . Like more than two-thirds of the known galaxies, the Milky Way has a spiral shape. The rest - everything on Earth, everything ever observed with all of our instruments, all normal matter - adds up to less than 5% of the universe. does it take our solar system to complete one orbit around the Milky Way the universe is growing. 13) _______. Where did this material come from? A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter. A)It will A)The earth composition of most stars (mostly hydrogen and helium) is about the same as the the following statements does not use the term light-year in an appropriate away at nearly the same speed. When we look at an object that is 1,000 light-years away we see it _________. average speed of the earth around the Sun, D)the Local Group, E)you, No one in human history had ever measured a distance so great. After painstaking work, he estimated that the Andromeda galaxy was about 900,000 light-years away from us.
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