Bonner's present research interests include experiments designed to understand how this reversal is achieved in a number of species that vary morphologically. She helped developed CRISPR, the genetic-engineering method that could allow for “designer babies” but also for the eradication or treatment of sickle cell anemia, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and HIV. Famous Doctor Rene Laennec. Kao earned his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from University College London. Maniatis is a biotech pioneer and has been involved with some of the largest biotech firms in the world, including co-founding the Genetics Institute. 21 June 1983. the Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, both at the University of Oxford. Marks II's Home Page. He is Professor Emeritus of the Art of Computer Programming (a chair created especially for him), at Stanford University. In 1999, President Bill Clinton awarded Baltimore the National Medal of Science for his prodigious contributions to science. He also performed the first liver, heart, and lungs transplant in the 1980s, the first intestinal transplant in England in the 1990s, and the first combined transplant of stomach, liver, kidneys, and pancreas in 1994. He was recently named a Fellow of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR). Also invented the process … Marks has made important technical contributions across widely diverse areas, such as the spacing of radium inserts to treat prostate cancer, signal display, remote sensing, optical image sampling, optical computers, and the use of fuzzy logic to control the electrical grid (how electricity is delivered today depends crucially on the work of Marks). PCR, because of its ability to extract DNA from fossils, is also the basis of the new scientific discipline of paleobiology. By science in this article we mean the natural and engineering sciences (we thus exclude pure mathematics as well as the social sciences). Save the Chimps located in Fort Pierce, Florida. Enjoy! He has also held positions at Vanderbilt and Yale. Their work opened up the whole field, human genome. This Canadian researcher studied at McGill University and Cornell. He has also recently published several more popular articles, including a contribution to a 2012 Alan Turing centenary symposium in Nature entitled “Is the Brain a Good Model for Machine Intelligence?,” as well as an essay entitled “Brain versus Machine” in the collection Singularity Hypotheses: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment. He was made a National Academy of Sciences fellow in 1973. The Academy is a non-profit, bilingual, private independent school for grades one through 12, and is an inquiry-based learning environment. ... Top 10 Greatest Medical Inventions That Changed The World. Today, Berkeley Lab researchers develop sustainable energy and environmental solutions, create useful new materials, advance the frontiers of computing, and probe the mysteries of life, matter, and the universe. His early research collaborations at the National Institutes of Health lead to an increased understanding of the cardiovascular system in the medical community. She is also investigating the implications of the discovery of hypervelocity stars, as well as heading up a project called "HectoMAP," which uses large databases of information to map clusters of galaxies, and which in turn aids us in understanding how these systems develop over the history of the universe. His lab at the University of Texas tests different chemical compounds in the hopes of discovering a material that will carry out artificial photosynthesis. He is known for his work in a very wide variety of areas of chemistry, notably NMR spectroscopy, organometallic chemistry, soft lithography, micro-fabrication, microfluidics, nanotechnology, molecular self-assembly and self-organization, and research into the origin of life. Mello is involved in several RNAi-based biotechnological companies. Nobel Prize and Lasker Award winners, these scientists are responsible for discovering things that have saved millions of lives, and have the potential to save even more. He was trained as a biochemist at MIT and a neurobiologist at Harvard Medical School before returning to the UK, where he had a long research career in the fields of nerve growth and cell motility. She uses custom-made molecules to locate genes and study their arrangement. Isaac Newton (1643-1727) 4. Venter earned his Ph.D. in physiology and pharmacology from the University of California, San Diego. He is best known for his work in the area of synaptic transmission, which is the process by which signaling chemicals known as neurotransmitters are released by one neuron and bind to and activate the receptors of another neuron. Ferrara earned his medical degree from the University of Catania, Italy. Charles K. Kao is an electrical engineer and physicist known as the “godfather of broadband.” In 2009, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his pioneering research into the transmission of laser light through glass fibers in optical cables, which has led to the widespread use of fiber optics in modern telecommunications. Kao began his experiments with fiber optics in the 1960s with strands of glass fibers thinner than a human hair and cheaper to produce than fishing line, which transmitted nearly limitless amounts of digitized data via pulses of laser light. The world today dwells in the abode of scientific advancement in different sectors of medical ... his generosity even today. Today, he lives in retirement. Leroy Hood is co-founder and President of the Institute for Systems Biology, a relatively new field of biology which he has helped to pioneer. Martin Karplus, a theoretical chemist, Emeritus Professor and the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University. He has noted that most of his projects involve three stages: (1) design; (2) synthesis; and (3) characterization, where the function of the structure and properties are tested. A. Dagfinn Aarskog (1928–2014), Norwegian pediatrician and geneticist, described Aarskog–Scott syndrome; Jon Aase (born 1936), US dysmorphologist, described Aase syndrome, expert on fetal alcohol syndrome; John Abelson (born c. 1939), US biochemist, studies of machinery and mechanism of RNA splicing; Susan L. Ackerman, US neurogeneticist, genes … Other awards he has received include the Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 2008, the Priestley Medal in 2002, and the Fellow of American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1990. Bard's current research focuses on harnessing the power of natural sunlight to produce sustainable energy. Watson received his Ph.D. from Indiana University, and a little over a decade later received the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, which he shared with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins, for their discovery of the molecular structure of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and its significance for information transfer in living systems. Evans received his Ph.D. from UCLA and conducted his postdoctoral training at Rockefeller University. In one of his latest works, Randomness in Evolution, Bonner shows how the effects of randomness differ for organisms of different sizes, and how the smaller an organism is, the more likely it is that morphological differences will be random and selection may not be involved to any significant degree. Witten has also been awarded the National Medal of Science in 2002, among many other honors. His discovery of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) has enabled the medical community to detect the HIV virus and analyze DNA. Web resource: Stephen Hawking's Home Page. Lene Vestergaard Hau is the Mallinckrodt Professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Harvard University. Web resource: Eric R. Kandel's Home Page. He was also inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1996. He also serves as the Alexander Rich Distinguished Investigator at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. In 2007, they donated $200 million, again to Caltech and also to the University of California, for the construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope, which is the world largest optical telescope. He is best known for his work in general relativity and cosmology. Q162.A15 2010 509.2'2—dc22 2009026069 On the cover: Discoveries such as Einstein’s theory of relativity—shown in original manuscript form—are hallmarks of the genius exhibited by the world’s most influential scientists. The research conducted by Goodall at Gombe Stream not only is scientifically important but also benefits the park itself. Kandel has authored many books, including Principles of Neural Science, which is often used as a textbook and reference text in medical schools. Weinberg has a large number of awards to his name, including the National Medal of Honor in 1991, the Benjamin Franklin Medal for Distinguished Achievements in Sciences from the American Philosophical Society in 2004, and the James Joyce Award in 2009, among many others. He also discovered that Chern-Simons theory could provide a framework for understanding the mathematical theory of knots and 3-manifolds. Ferrara's Lasker Award, however, was given for a different application of his research that led to an effective treatment of age related wet macular degeneration. the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) near Geneva, Switzerland. In this research, he laid the groundwork to make C. elegans---a small, transparent nematode (worm)---a major model organism for research in genetics, neurobiology, and developmental biology. Previously, he was on the faculty of the University of Washington for 25 years. 14 March 1879. Fire's Home Page. Calendar; ... Scottish physician and medical scientist (played a key role in the development of the National Health Service), born in Delting, Shetland ... most accurate site for today in history. They made discoveries in various fields, from physics to ophthalmology, and also found practical application of their theories. These powerful African scientists are changing the world. Geller has made films about science. Rene Laennec, 1781 – 1826 was a famous French doctor and physician who invented the stethoscope, used for auscultation, that is, listening to the sounds in the lungs and heart. He is credited with the construction of the world's first yeast artificial chromosome. Tour holds more than 60 United States patents, plus many non-US patents. He is Senior Investigator with the Gladstone Institutes, which are associated with the University of California-San Francisco. Knuth earned his Ph.D. in mathematics from the California Institute of Technology, where he then became a professor and began work on The Art of Computer Programming. Evans, who studied at Christ's College at Cambridge and University College London, was awarded a Lasker Award in 2001 and the Nobel Prize in 2007. This Swedish medical researcher was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981 for discoveries regarding the processing of information by the visual system. It was presented scientificallyV ... Medical Science was also … Switzerland may be world famous for its heavenly locations and unspoiled pristine beauty, but it has more to offer to the world than just scenic beauty and picturesque landscapes. Dr. ... Clea Koff is a famous forensic scientist known for her contributions to the United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Their research uncovered the structure of antibody molecules as well as the deep connection between how the components of the immune system evolve over the life of the individual and how the neural circuitry of the brain evolves over that same life. Nüsslein-Volhard also heads the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation, which supports women scientists with young children. Web resource: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. Famous … Marie Curie (1867-1934) 5. He has made many contributions to the field of genetics. Hunt discovered two proteins that help regulate the transition of cells from one form to another. Their research is instrumental in the development of vaccines and drugs. Simon Conway Morris is Chair of Evolutionary Palaeobiology in the Earth Sciences Department at Cambridge University. Web resource: The Neurosciences Institute's Home Page. She received her Ph.D. in physics from Princeton University and was an assistant professor of astronomy at Harvard University. He retired in 1996, when he became an emeritus professor at the University of Edinburgh. His theory, if correct, would explain the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos. Mullis joined the Cetus Corporation in Emeryville, California, as a DNA chemist in 1979. ... tion, is still in use today. His current research interests are concerned with the physical properties of molecules of biological interest. He has also co-founded over 12 companies with a combined market capitalization of over $20 billion, including Genzyme, Theravance, Surface Logix, and WMR Biomedical. This British biochemist shared a Nobel Prize in 2001 for discovering protein molecules that control the division of cells, leading to a much greater understanding of cell reproduction in living organisms. , Even though viruses are primarily known to be disease causing, some viruses are being used as gene vectors in gene therapy to treat genetic disorders. Although these scientists often faced discrimination, both men and women made significant contributions to science. Chambon is a member of the Académie des Sciences (France), the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.), and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Stephen Hawking is a theoretical physicist and cosmologist. Most of these seem to be in the "hard" sciences, physics and chemistry, rather than in biology or medical ... the physics of today is inciting at least the most thoughtful of its votaries to re-examine 'the question of God.'" He is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Many of them are also unusual and interesting---colorful personalities that it would be a pleasure to know! He is also the vice president of research at the King Abdullah University of Science & Technology in Saudi Arabia. Seiji Ogawa is a biophysicist who is the Distinguished Visiting Professor and Director of fMRI Research with the Neuroscience Research Institute at Gachon University of Medicine & Science, in South Korea. The following list contains eight famous forensic scientists and their contributions to scientific discoveries: 1. in 1977, Goodall founded the Jane Goodall Institute, as well as the youth-focused environmental group Roots & Shoots in 1991. the latter has now grown to include over 800 local chapters in nearly 90 countries around the world. Observation skills. Other scientists, including Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, Sir Alexander Fleming, Selman Waksman, and . Each newsletter may include a description and link to a feature article, some quotations from the scientists born or … Discover schools with the programs and courses you’re interested in, and start learning today. His latest one involves a revolutionary technique for instantly mobilizing the immune system to neutralize invading pathogens and toxins. This list of scientists includes Aristotle ... and he has become the father of modern medicine. These stars can travel across the Milky Way and may be an important tracer of the matter distribution in the Galaxy. 3. This article focuses on the 50 most influential scientists alive today and their profound contributions to science. He was among the first to apply principles of taphonomy and paleoecology to the interpretation of microfossils. Marks received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Texas Tech University. It remains the largest collaborative biological project in history. Fire conducted his graduate work in biology at MIT, and then joined the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England. He served Intel as Executive Vice President, President, Chairman of the Board, and finally Chief Executive Officer. These are scientists who have invented the Internet and fiber optics, challenged AIDS and cancer, developed new drugs, and in general made crucial advances in medicine, genetics, astronomy, ecology, physics, and computer programming. Here is a look at the profile 25 men and women on whom a billion hopes ride. Tour has over 500 research publications and is active in consulting on several national defense-related topics, in addition to numerous other professional committees and panels. He has published three books: Electrochemical Methods, with Larry Faulkner, Integrated Chemical Systems, and Chemical Equilibrium. He is the Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology at Cambridge and former Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. Moore was named Chairman Emeritus of Intel Corporation in 1997. Physicist, Astronaut. Townes received the Ph.D. degree from California Institute of Technology with a thesis on isotope separation and nuclear spins. She made pioneering maps of the large-scale structures of the universe, which led to the discovery of the filamentous galactic superstructure popularly known as the "Great Wall"---the largest known superstructure in the universe. Townes has authored three books, including How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist, Microwave Spectroscopy, and a memoir, Making Waves. Join us this summer as two world-renowned thinkers, Rupert Sheldrake and Michael Shermer, discuss and debate the nature of science! Web resource: Charles H. Townes's NobelPrize.org Page. ---a small, transparent nematode (worm)---a major model organism for research in genetics, neurobiology, and developmental biology. He was also awarded an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of St. Andrews. In addition to winning the Nobel Prize, Szostak has also won the Dr. H.P. Web resource: Alan Guth's Home Page. He also serves as the associate editor of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. 03 November 2011. Prusiner demonstrated that prions may be formed when a normal, benign cellular protein acquires an altered shape. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, along with Sheldon Lee Glashow and Abdus Salam, for their contributions to a unified theory of the weak and electromagnetic interactions between elementary particles. The land of milk and honey has been the address of some of the most renowned scientists , who have given the world important inventions. Südhof, a native of Germany, obtained his MD from the University of Göttingen and conducted his postdoctoral training in the department of molecular genetics at the University of Texas's Health Science Center. Their contribution was ground-breaking, because they managed to make Newton's classical physics work side-by-side with quantum mechanics. He is also credited with the Hippocratic oath which is still sworn today by medical practitioners. Whitesides's current research interests continue to span a very wide array of fields, from cell-surface biochemistry to science for developing economies. All other scientists after him ... most famous … Perhaps the most famous scientist in history, Einstein formulated the theory of general relativity, and the famous equation of mass-energy equivalence – E=mc2. Venter was awarded the Dickson Prize in 2011, the National Medal of Science in 2008, and the Kistler Prize in 2008, among other honors and awards. Rankings of the Best MS in Healthcare Administration Programs. He has written five major works on the implications of his research into the health properties of Nitric Oxide. Web resource: The Jane Goodall Institute. In 2009 Gurdon received a Lasker Award, and in 2012 he and Shinya Yaminaka were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that mature cells can be converted into stem cells. Black scientists were innovators, inventors, and pioneers who made astounding discoveries. Physicist. He has won numerous awards including the Wiley Prize in 2003, the National Academy of Sciences Award in Molecular Biology in 2003, and the Meyenburg Prize in 2002 from the German Cancer Research Center. As a result of this experimental verification of his 40-year-old prediction, the following year (, 2o13) Higgs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics (shared with. In 2006, he wrote , In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind, which is a popular account of his life and career. Yamanaka was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, along with John Gurdon, for their discovery that mature (adult) somatic cells can be converted into stem cells with regenerative properties (pluripotency) similar to those of embryonic stem cells. He is the author of the multi-volume work. Learn who they are here. Mullis also holds several patents. These people do deserve a tribute from us mankind and thus we’ve set our blog in a tributary for great scientists for today. Web resource: Sydney Brenner's Home Page. Guth is also featured in our article "50 People Who Deserve a Nobel Prize.". Ostriker earned his Ph.D. in astrophysics from the University of Chicago and conducted his postdoctoral fellowship at the University of Cambridge. Yamanaka showed, for the first time, that an intact, differentiated (adult), somatic cell could be reprogrammed to become pluripotent, thus having unlimited powers to differentiate itself. Steven Weinberg is a theoretical physicist and the Josey Regental Chair in Science at the University of Texas at Austin. Some of her awards include the Karl T. Compton Medal for Leadership in Physics, the American Institute of Physics in 2001, the Medal of Achievement in Carbon Science and Technology by the American Carbon Society in 2001, and an Honorary Member of the Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia, in 2000. She won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine, alongside Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for her research on the genetic control of embryonic development. In 2000, the Moores created the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation in Palo Alto, California. Charles H. Townes is a physicist who taught at several universities, including the University of Tokyo, the University of Paris, the University of California, and Columbia University, among others. Some of his best-known experiments confirmed that “quantum entanglement” for twinned photon pairs is irreconcilable with Einstein's worldview. Alain Aspect holds the Augustin Fresnel Chair at the Institut d'Optique and is also a Professor at the École Polytechnique, both in Paris. Pierre Chambon is professor at the University of Strasbourg's Institute for Advanced Study, honorary professor at the Collège de France, and emeritus professor at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Strasbourg. Web resource: Andrew Z. An inventor is someone who tries to create useful products and devices. oscillators and amplifiers. Web resource: Martin Karplus's Home Page. Hippocrates built up one of the great libraries of medical science in Kos. Paracelsus (1493 – 1541) Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. He was honored as the "Inventor of the World Wide Web" during the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony. Over the centuries, there have been countless scientists and intellectuals whose efforts have kept the wheels of progress turning. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us. Craig Venter is a biologist and entrepreneur. A graduate of Ursinus College and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Gerald Edelman has been responsible for major discoveries regarding the structure of antibodies. Their discoveries led to the isolation of many cellular genes that normally control growth and development and are frequently mutated in human cancer. Famous Scientists. Some scientists are enormously influential as popularizers or culture critics or public intellectuals. One of Goodall's most notable awards was her appointment as Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE), in 2004. Kandel received the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard, for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system, and its relation to physiological basis of memory storage in the brain. ... Today, yellow fever afflicts roughly 200,000 and kills 30,000 people annually, mostly in African areas lacking vaccines. Fire and Mello's Nobel Prize--winning research has shown that RNAi plays a key role in gene regulation. Aspect made his most crucial breakthroughs in quantum theory. Khagol was the famous astronomical observatory at Nalanda, where Aryabhatta studied. She was also an advocate of women's suffrage and women's opportunities in higher education and became the first woman in England elected as mayor. He has also been honored with numerous other awards, including the James Craig Watson Medal in 2012, the Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal in 2004, and the Henry Norris Russell Prize of the American Astronomical Society in 1980, among others. But all such benefits follow from the discoveries and inventions of scientists as they pursue deep insights into the workings of nature and its materials. So set aside the Wikipedia entries and have a look at the inspiration for many true life, and even a few fictional, crime solvers, legal experts, and medical scientists. He is a Genentech Fellow in Tumor Biology and Angiogenesis. He is widely recognized for delineating the precise mechanisms by which immunosuppressive agents modulate the human immune response. Berners-Lee graduated from Queens College, Oxford. This novel form of quantum control has implications for the developing fields of quantum information processing and quantum cryptography. In 2013, on the 100th anniversary of Niels Bohr's pioneering atomic model, the Danish Society of Engineers, in collaboration with the Niels Bohr Institute and the Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, awarded the Niels Bohr Medal to Aspect. He is the founder and former director of the Institute for Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology (IGBMC), and the founder and former director of the Institut Clinique de la Souris (Clinical Institute for the Mouse), in Strasbourg, France. Some of his awards include the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 2010 (for the elucidation of fundamental mechanisms of transcription in animal cells and the discovery of the nuclear receptor superfamily), the Lasker Basic Medical Research Award in 2004, and the March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology in 2003. In 1997, Guth authored the book The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins. Scientists from around the world rely on the Lab’s facilities for their own discovery science. Fréchet is a member of the American Chemical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Arts and Sciences, and Academia Europaea. A graduate of the École Normale Supérieure de Cachan (ENS Cachan), Aspect passed the agrégation in physics in 1969 and received his master's degree from Université d'Orsay. Doctors of today still rely on his invention. Knuth has been honored with numerous awards, including the Stanford University School of Engineering Hero Award in 2011, Fellow of the Computer History Museum in 1998, and the National Medal of Science in 1979, among others. His discoveries have led to the development of many medicines including nutritional supplements that improve cardiovascular health, and Viagra. Wilson is also famous for his many popular books on evolutionary biology, for his advocacy of environmental causes (specially preserving biodiversity), and for his efforts to advance the secular humanist worldview. Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. Any mistake could lead to inconclusive or misleading results. Tour's most important contributions have been in molecular electronics, which involves nanoscale electronic devices utilizing molecular switiching molecules. In fact science of astronomy was highly advanced and our ancestors were proud ... Astrology was given a very high place in ancient India and it has continued even today. Brenner is the Senior Distinguished Fellow of the Crick-Jacobs Center at the Salk Institute of Biological Sciences. In addition to his work at the Salk Institute, Evans is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. 5 Famous Scientists That ... for many scientists of today and is most notable for the Theory of Relativity. He received a Lasker Award in 2012 for pioneering transplant medical procedures that have been responsible for saving thousands of lives. His major contributions are in elucidating the genetic code. Web resource: David Baltimore's Home Page. This work opened up completely new lines of research, in the process bypassing much of the rancorous public debate surrounding research on embryonic stem cells. Sulston's primary research has been in human genetics and he has worked with some of the most prestigious organizations in the world including the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, on top of having taught at Cambridge and the University of Manchester. It remains the largest collaborative biological project in history. is a prominent researcher in molecular genetics, haematology, and pathology. Andrew H. Knoll is the Fisher Professor of Natural History and a Professor of Earth and Planetary Sciences at Harvard University. The results were conclusive proof of entanglement. Weinberg has conducted pioneering researched in many areas of physics, including quantum field theory, gravitational theory, supersymmetry, superstrings, and cosmology. He also serves on a number of editorial boards. theory, if correct, would explain the origin of the large-scale structure of the cosmos.
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