Edit. It was the first of three arrests for this skilled spy who provided crucial information to the Confederates during the war. [1], The board of investigation stated, "Poor and outdated doctrinal and technical documentation of ordnance and aircraft equipment and procedures, evident at all levels of command, was a contributing cause of the accidental rocket firing." Unlike the thick-cased Mark 83 bombs filled with Composition H6, the AN/M65A1 bombs were thin-skinned and filled with Composition B, an older explosive with greater shock and heat sensitivity. [24] CVW-17 operations officer, Lt. Cmdr. [29] Rear Admiral and Task Group commander Harvey P. Lanham, aboard Forrestal, called the actions of Rupertus commanding officer Commander Edwin Burke[30] an "act of magnificent seamanship". It functions equally as well as either an interceptor or a fighter-bomber. After she completed required inspections for the upcoming West Pacific cruise, she sailed to Brazil for a show of force. The rocket broke apart on impact with the external fuel tank. Enemy fire hammered it six times in Vietnam. US Navy regulations required the pigtail be connected only when the aircraft was attached to the catapult and ready to launch, but the ordnance officers found this slowed down the launch rate. It could simultaneously carry two 3,000 lb (1,360 kg) M118 bombs and four 750 lb (340 kg) M117 bombs. LT(JG) Don Dameworth and LT(JG) David Dollarhide were injured escaping their aircraft. Crowned in 1878, King Umberto became increasingly authoritarian in the late 19th century. Launches were sometimes delayed when a crew member had difficulty completing the connection. Friendly fire is an attack by a military force on non-enemy, own, allied… He went to the hangar deck and took command of a firefighting team. [17], "I saw a dozen people running... into the fire, just before the bomb cooked off," Lt. Cmdr. John McCain narrowly escaped the fire and, afterwards, volunteered for duty on the USS Oriskany. Recruits are tested on their knowledge and skills by having to use portable extinguishers and charged hoses to fight fires, as well as demonstrating the ability to egress from compartments that are heated and filled with smoke. [29], Undetonated bombs were continually found during the afternoon. It had to be cut from the ship while being supported by the shipyard's hammerhead crane. [19], A special group, the Aircraft Carrier Safety Review Panel, led by Rear Admiral Forsyth Massey, was convened on 15 August in the Philippines. Wounded and dead had been transferred to other ships, and some men were missing, either burned beyond recognition or blown overboard. White managed to get out of his burning aircraft but was killed by the detonation of the first bomb. The flight-deck film of the flight operations, titled "Learn or Burn", became mandatory viewing for firefighting trainees. The two actors reportedly met on a blind date in 1998 and quickly became favorites of the tabloid ...read more, The so-called âSon of Samâ pulls a gun from a paper bag and fires five shots at Donna Lauria and Jody Valenti of the Bronx while they are sitting in a car, talking. This included development of a remote-control fire-fighting system for the flight deck, development of more stable ordnance, improvement in survival equipment, and increased training in fire survival. [12][7]:57 Their report concluded that a ZUNI rocket on the portside TER-7 on external stores station 2 of F-4B No. [6] This was particularly true for the new 1,000 lb (450 kg) Mark 83, which the Navy favored for its power-to-size ratio. This accident was caused by the landing aircraft being illuminated by carrier based radar, and the resulting EMI sent an unwanted signal to the weapons system. Compliance Engineering, Fall, 1991."[39]:19. The effects of this latest aircraft carrier disaster was still being evaluated by the Services when, on 23 March 1969, a Viet Cong sapper team attacked the U.S. ammunition storage area in Qui Nhon, Vietnam. Sailors and their tools. They had been shown films during training of Navy ordnance tests demonstrating how a 1,000 lb bomb could be directly exposed to a jet fuel fire for a full ten minutes and still be extinguished and cooled without an explosive cook-off. He became a naval aviator, flying ground-attack aircraft from aircraft carriers. Damage Control Team No. [6][46] Many other fire-safety improvements also stemmed from this incident. In addition to the pin, a "pigtail" connected the electrical wiring of the missile to the rocket pod. Lt. Cmdr. Forty-one additional crew members were killed in internal compartments in the aft portion of Forrestal. Beling was assigned temporary duty on the staff of Admiral Ephraim P. Holmes, Commander-in-Chief of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet. Many pilots were trapped in their planes as the fire spread. The number of casualties quickly overwhelmed the ship's medical teams, and Forrestal was escorted by USS Henry W. Tucker to rendezvous with hospital ship USS Repose at 20:54, allowing the crew to begin transferring the dead and wounded at 22:53. Another American aircraft, the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II is a two-seat, twin-engine, all-weather long-range supersonic jet aircraft. Cadillac was founded out of the ruins of automotive pioneer Henry Fordâs second failed company (his third ...read more. On 29 July 2017, the USS Forrestal Association commemorated the 50th anniversary of the incident. [1][17][7]:34, 93, The official Navy investigation identified the Skyhawk struck by the Zuni as aircraft No. [17] The ninth explosion was attributed to a sympathetic detonation between an AN-M65 and a newer 500 lb M117 H6 bomb that were positioned next to each other. Forrestal was an aircraft carrier stationed off the coast of Vietnam that experienced a catastrophic fire on July 29, 1967. They also identified issues with the aging 1,000 lb "fat bombs" carried for the strike, which were discovered to have dated from the Korean War in 1953. Share. Operations on board U.S. Navy aircraft carrier during the Vietnam War. Two more of the unstable 1,000 lb bombs exploded 10 seconds after the first, and a fourth blew up 44 seconds after that. [17] Farrier, recognizing that a lethal cook-off was imminent, shouted for his firefighters to withdraw, but the bomb detonated—one minute and 36 seconds after the start of the fire. It took many hours to account for the ship's crew. McCain, pilot of A-4 Skyhawk side No. An escort carrier that saw distinguished service as a submarine-hunter in the North Atlantic during World War II, during the early morning hours of May 2, 1964, Card was part of … A total of 27 aircraft were on deck, fully loaded with bombs, rockets, ammunition, and fuel. Forrestal's ordnance handlers had never even seen an AN/M65A1 before, and to their shock, the bombs delivered from Diamond Head were in terrible condition; coated with "decades of accumulated rust and grime" and still in their original packing crates (now moldy and rotten); some were stamped with production dates as early as 1953. A total of ten bombs exploded during the fire. Footage revealed that damage-control teams sprayed firefighting foam on the deck to smother the burning fuel, which was the correct procedure, but their efforts were negated by crewmen on the other side of the deck who sprayed seawater, which washed the foam away. [24][26] McCain saw another pilot on fire, and turned to help him, when the first bomb detonated. A fire on a United States Navy carrier stationed off the coast of Vietnam kills 134 service members on July 29, 1967. Claim: Former senator John McCain started a fire as a young pilot aboard an aircraft carrier that killed 134 sailors because he was showing off. Enterprise, however, saw some significant differences. At the time, Forrestal was engaged in combat operations in the Gulf of Tonkin, during the Vietnam War. Copy link. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board, United States Army Command and General Staff College, "A U.S. Navy Aircraft Carrier's Greatest Fear (And It's Not Russia or China)", "Bud Dougherty Collection: Disaster on the USS Forrestal", "Veterans salute sailors killed aboard carrier", "The 1967 Aircraft Carrier Fire That Nearly Killed John McCain", "Rocket causes deadly fire on aircraft carrier - Jul 29, 1967 - HISTORY.com", "Forrestal, Navy's 1st 'supercarrier,' changes hands in one-cent transaction", "Material Conditions of Readiness - 14325_341", "Personal account of the USS Forrestal fire, July 29, 1967", "USS Forrestal fire commemoration a reminder of 'heroism, service and sacrifice, "The USS Forrestal (CVA-59) fire and munition explosions | The History of Insensitive Munitions", "The Forrestal Fire, July 29, 1967 Ship's Logs", "Forty-five years later, veteran remembers worst naval disaster since WW II", "Electronic Systems Failures and Anomalies Attributed to Electromagnetic Interference", "USS Forrestal Tragedy Remembered 50 Years Later", "50 Year Anniversary USS FORESTALL Fire Memorial Ceremony in Washington D.C.", "USS Forrestal's fallen remembered at Farrier School ceremony", "Trial by Fire: A Carrier Fights for Life", "Sen. John McCain barely escaped death 50 years ago in the USS Forrestal disaster", "Watch Shockwave #1 Full Episode - Shockwave", Inves - Fire and explosions aboard USS Forrestal (CV 59) Part 1, Virtual Wall: A Memorial to the men who died in the, Did You Know: The terrible fire aboard the USS, Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1967, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1967_USS_Forrestal_fire&oldid=1007342291, Industrial fires and explosions in the United States, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles needing additional references from July 2020, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 February 2021, at 17:06. Shopping. "[31], At 5:05, a muster of Forrestal crewmen—both in the carrier and aboard other ships—was begun. [16] An F-4B Phantom II (No. "[19] Later accounts relying on his book also state that the rocket struck his A-4 Skyhawk. When notified that the bombs were actually destined for active service in the carrier fleet, the commanding officer of the naval ordnance detachment at Subic Bay was so shocked that he initially refused the transfer, believing a paperwork mistake had been made. [1] All new Navy recruits are required to view a training video titled Trial by Fire: A Carrier Fights for Life,[45][12][25] produced from footage of the fire and damage control efforts, both successful and unsuccessful. The Air Force had a large supply of these bombs, and did not rely as heavily on the limited supply of 1,000 lb bombs as did the Navy. Standard procedure was to store them in the ship's magazine with the rest of the air wing's ordnance; had they been stored as standard, an accidental detonation could easily have destroyed the ship. light aircraft carrier: 11,000 31 August 1943 decommissioned 11 February 1947, scrapped 1964 Lexington (I) Lexington: aircraft carrier: 33,000 14 December 1927 sunk 8 May 1942 Lexington (II) Essex: aircraft carrier: 27,100 17 February 1943 decommissioned 8 November 1991; museum ship Liscome Bay: Casablanca: escort carrier: 8,188 7 August 1943 The aircraft carrier proved crucial to the American air war of the Vietnam Conflict of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. At 8:33 pm, the fires in the 02 and 03 levels were contained, but the areas were still too hot to enter. A chain reaction of explosions blew holes in the flight deck and had half the large ship on fire at one point. The electrical surge caused one of the four 5-inch Mk-32 Zuni unguided rockets in a pod on external stores station 2 (port inboard station) to fire. Married in a grand ceremony at St. Paulâs Cathedral in the presence of 2,650 guests, the ...read more, In Monza, Italy, King Umberto I is shot to death by Gaetano Bresci, an Italian-born anarchist who resided in America before returning to his homeland to murder the king. Because it is relatively insensitive to heat, shock and electricity, Composition H6 is still used as of 2021 in many types of naval ordnance. Development New Ai Aircraft Carriers 2 Page News War Thunder. Temporary repairs were made to the ship in the Philippines before the Forrestal headed back to Norfolk, Virginia. [9]:273–74, While preparing for the second sortie of the day, the aft portion of the flight deck was packed wing-to-wing with twelve A-4E Skyhawk, seven F-4B Phantom II, and two Vigilante aircraft. After surviving a massive fire onboard the aircraft carrier USS Forrestal that killed 134 sailors, ... a heavier attack aircraft than the ones McCain flew during the Vietnam War. 416, next to White's, was among the first to notice the flames, and escaped by scrambling down the nose of his A-4 and jumping off the refueling probe. On 31 July, Forrestal arrived at Naval Air Station Cubi Point in the Philippines, to undertake repairs sufficient to allow the ship to return to the United States. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. At 12:20 am, July 30, 14 hours after the fires had begun, all the fires were controlled. A fire on a United States Navy carrier stationed off the coast of Vietnam kills 134 service members on July 29, 1967. Naval Academy in 1958. It was repaired and put back into service the following April, but never returned to Vietnam. Holmes disagreed with many portions of the Navy's report into the Forrestal disaster, including the section clearing Beling. It took a full day before the fires could be fully contained. He had Beling assigned to his staff so he could issue a letter of reprimand. [44], The fire revealed that Forrestal lacked a heavy-duty, armored forklift needed to jettison aircraft, particularly heavier planes like the RA-5C Vigilante, as well as heavy or damaged ordnance.[1]. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. These lessons were gradually lost and by 1967, the U.S. Navy had reverted to the Japanese model at Midway and relied on specialized, highly trained damage control and fire-fighting teams. Category page. The United States Navy uses the Forrestal fire and the lessons learned from it when teaching damage control and ammunition safety. The Royal Australian Air Force also flew combat and airlift missions in South Vietnam, as did the Republic of Vietnam. He was a veteran of Coral Sea and Midway, two battles that showed the importance of the aircraft carrier, particularly the improved systems of the Essex class, in naval warfare. 405, piloted by Lieutenant Commander Fred D. Several tons of bombs were stored on wooden pallets on deck in the bomb farm. Edit source History Talk (0) Aircraft of all types used during the Vietnam War. The seawater worsened the situation by washing burning fuel through the holes in the flight deck and into the decks below. On 18 September 1967, Captain Robert B. Baldwin assumed command of Forrestal. The fire killed 44 people, mostly air crew, and injured 156 more. A sailor standing about 100 feet forward was struck by a fragment of the Zuni or the exploding fuel tank. [6], With orders to conduct strike missions over North Vietnam the next day, and with no replacement bombs available, Captain Beling reluctantly concluded that he had no choice but to accept the AN-M65A1 bombs in their current condition. During the Vietnam War, thousands of U.S. aircraft were lost to antiaircraft artillery (AAA), surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), and fighter interceptors ()s.The great majority of U.S. combat losses in all areas of Southeast Asia were to AAA. The pilots, preparing to launch, were strapped into their aircraft. Browning later said. The U.S. Congress passes legislation establishing the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), a civilian agency responsible for coordinating Americaâs activities in space, on July 29, 1958. [29] At 11:47 am, Forrestal reported the flight deck fire was under control. Though aircraft carriers were in service by the early 1930's in the navies of Britain, Japan, and the United States, the Second World War saw the development of the modern conception of a carrier battle group – one or more aircraft carriers escorted by (at least) cruisers and destroyers for anti-aircraft and anti-submarine protection. Twenty-seven men were injured. Taylor and ...read more, On July 29, 1996, track and field legend Carl Lewis wins his fourth consecutive Olympic gold medal in the long jump. The forward four guns had been removed prior to 1962. [17][15] Fire quarters and then general quarters were sounded at 10:52 and 10:53. Sailors manually jettisoned numerous 250 and 500 lb bombs by rolling them along the deck and off the side. The three Kitty Hawks (plus the John F. Kennedy , itself a variant of the Forrestal -class) were commissioned between 1961 and 1968 and were the most modern carriers in the world. Members of the military, survivors of the disaster, and family members gathered to memorialize those lost in this incident. The resulting fire was fanned by 32-knot (59 km/h; 37 mph) winds and the exhaust of at least three jets. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). For military personnel, it was a deeply emotional journey in both directions. How many casualties occurred because of friendly fire during the Vietnam war? The ship survived, but with damage exceeding US$72 million, not including the damage to aircraft. [2][18] Lieutenant Commander John McCain stated in his 1999 book Faith of My Fathers that the missile struck his aircraft, alongside White's A-4 Skyhawk. In-port, Singapore 14 Oct 1972 – 19 Oct 1972. Findings from the U.S. Navy’s official … In-port, Subic Bay 9 Oct 1972 – Only. The F-100s, or “Huns,” as they were commonly known, flew more sorties than any aircraft during the war. In response, a "wash down" system, which floods the flight deck with foam or water, was incorporated into all carriers, with the first being installed aboard Franklin D. Roosevelt during her 1968–1969 refit. During the course of the war, thousands of flights crisscrossed the Pacific Ocean. Carrier Deployments for Westpac and Vietnam 1964-1975 Data Sheet #29 data sheet provides a listing of the United States aircraft carriers that participated in either Westpac and/or Vietnam deployments. "On that Saturday morning in July, as I sat in the cockpit of my A-4 preparing to take off, a rocket hit the fuel tank under my airplane. [8][14][15] In one concession to the demands of the ordnance handlers, Beling agreed to store all 16 bombs alone on deck in the "bomb farm" area between the starboard rail and the carrier's island until they were loaded for the next day's missions. [25], Throughout the day, the ship's medical staff worked in dangerous conditions to assist their comrades. A fragment also punctured the centerline external fuel tank of A-4 #310, positioned just aft of the jet blast deflector of catapult number 3. Fred D. White, on the port side of the aft deck. [citation needed], In addition to bombs, the ground attack aircraft carried unguided 5 in (127 mm) Mk-32 "Zuni" rockets. [7]:34 The highly flammable JP-5 fuel spread on the deck under White's and McCain's A-4s, ignited by numerous fragments of burning rocket propellant, and causing an instantaneous conflagration. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. [6][9]:123,124 The fire aboard Forrestal was the second of three serious fires to strike American carriers in the 1960s. [28] Several of the explosions of the 1,000-pound Korean War-era AN-M65 Composition B bombs were estimated to be as much as 50% more powerful than a standard 1,000-pound bomb, due to the badly degraded Composition B. [12] The school hosts an annual memorial remembering the sailors who lost their lives aboard the Forrestal. The only "fire bombs" he actually saw (in aftermath) was the result of a stupid sailor that threw a lit flare into the Flare Locker that caused a deadly explosion aboard the Oriskany. The flammable jet fuel spilled across the flight deck, ignited, and triggered a chain-reaction of explosions that killed 134 sailors and injured 161. [8] The ongoing detonations prevented fire suppression efforts during the first critical minutes of the disaster. The Naval investigation panel's findings were released on 18 October. It was the worst loss of a life on a U.S. Navy ship since World War II. McCain, then a lieutenant commander, was assigned to the carrier and flew an A-4E Skyhawk jet. McCain was knocked backwards 10 feet, struck by shrapnel and wounded. The latter gave it the ability to strike two separate hardened targets in a single sortie, which was more effective in most circumstances. Set within the very spaces where men lived and served, the exhibition focuses on the experiences of Intrepid and its crew “on the line”—the periods when the ship was active in the Gulf of Tonkin, launching aircraft for missions over mainland Vietnam. She was near Hawaii, in the middle of what probably many sailors would agree was the second worst time to have a disastro… Fire and secondary mass detonations of munition stacks resulted. Another destroyer, USS Rupertus, maneuvered as close as 20 feet (6.1 m) to Forrestal for 90 minutes, directing her own on-board fire hoses at the burning flight and hangar deck on the starboard side, and at the port-side aft 5-inch gun mount. They made a demonstration jump immediately after arriving, observed by Gen. William Westmoreland and outgoing Ambassador (formerly General) Maxwell Taylor. They concluded that the CA42282 pylon electrical disconnect had a design defect, and found that the TER-7 safety pin was poorly designed, making it easy to confuse with ordnance pins used in the AERO-7 Sparrow Launcher, which if used by mistake would not operate effectively. Rocket causes deadly fire on aircraft carrier, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/rocket-causes-deadly-fire-on-aircraft-carrier. The flammable jet fuel spilled across the flight deck, ignited, and triggered a chain-reaction of explosions that killed 134 sailors and injured 161. Hope of VA-46, escaped by jumping out of the Skyhawk cockpit and rolling off the flight deck and into the starboard man-overboard net. [47] All current Navy recruits receive week-long training in compartment identification, fixed and portable extinguishers, battle dress, self-contained breathing apparatus and emergency escape breathing devices. Robert "Bo" Browning, in an A-4E Skyhawk on the port side, escaped by crossing the flight deck and ducking under the tails of F-4B Phantoms spotted along the starboard side. The explosions and fire killed fifty night crew personnel who were sleeping in berthing compartments below the aft portion of the flight deck. The repair cost about $72 million (equal to more than $602 million in 2019 dollars), and took nearly five months to complete. [26] When Browning got back on deck, he recalled, "The port quarter of the flight deck where I was is no longer there."[1]. All seven F-4s caught fire. [7] They ruled he was not responsible for the disaster, but he was nonetheless transferred to staff work, and never returned to active command. Cedar Falls Graduate Survives Aircraft Carrier Fire During Vietnam War Veterans They Served With Honor Wcfcourier. It was the ninth and final Olympic gold of his storied career. [12], The disaster was a major news story and was featured under the headline "Inferno at Sea" on the cover of the 11 August 1967, issue of Life magazine.[48]. The rocket streaked across the deck and hit a parked A-4 Skyhawk jet. Hitlerâs early years did not seem to predict his rise as a ...read more, By the beginning of 1967, The Doors were well-established members of the Los Angeles music scene. Lt Ken McMillen escaped. [9]:85, On 28 July, the day before the accident, Forrestal was resupplied with ordnance by the ammunition ship USS Diamond Head. [8], The damage control team specializing in on-deck firefighting for Forrestal was Damage Control Team No. But the memo and the decision were never communicated to Captain Beling, the ship's commanding officer, who was required to approve such decisions. Farrier, without taking the time to locate and put on protective clothing, immediately attempted to smother the bomb with a PKP fire extinguisher, attempting to delay the fuel fire from spreading and give the pilots time to escape their aircraft. These flights were also a powerful and moving experience for a generation of young women who served aboard these aircraft as flight attendants. While text contains a superscript pointing to item 12 in the references section, item 12 in the reference section is to "Von Achen, W.: The Apache Helicopter: An EMI Case History. The load included sixteen 1,000 lb AN/M65A1 "fat boy" bombs (so nicknamed because of their short, rotund shape), which Diamond Head had picked up from Subic Bay Naval Base and were intended for the next day's second bombing sortie. While accomplishing trials, the ship also recorded its first arrested landing since the fire, when Commander Robert E. Ferguson, Commander, CVW-17, landed on board.[1]. Herbert A. On 29 July 1967, USS Forrestal (CVA/CV-59) suffered a catastrophic fire during flight operations while on Yankee Station off the coast of Vietnam. Some of the batch of AN-M65A1s Forrestal received were more than a decade old, having spent a portion of that exposed to the heat and humidity of Okinawa or Guam,[10] eventually being improperly stored in open-air Quonset huts at a disused ammunition dump on the periphery of Subic Bay Naval Base. All Rights Reserved. The fire raged for more than 24 hours, claiming the lives of 134 sailors and airmen and injuring 161 more.. "[39]:7, This incorrect description has been cited as a cautionary tale on the importance of avoiding electromagnetic interference. Twenty planes were destroyed. Fire fighting crews continued to fight fires below deck for many more hours. The Zuni was protected from launching by a safety pin that was only to be removed prior to launch from the catapult. They concluded Beling knew that the Zuni missiles had a history of problems, and he should have made more effort to confirm that the ordnance crew was following procedure in handling the ordnance. According to one crew member on Diamond Head, when they had arrived at Subic Bay to pick up their load of ordnance for the carriers, the base personnel who had prepared the AN-M65A1 bombs for transfer assumed Diamond Head had been ordered to dump them at sea on the way back to Yankee Station. US Navy. Sailors without training in firefighting and damage control took over for the depleted damage control teams. The carrier occupied drydock number 8 from 21 September 1967, until 10 February 1968, displacing USS John King, an oil tanker, and a minesweeper that were occupying the drydock. 110 of VF-11, spotted on the extreme starboard quarter of the flight deck, struck A-4 No. So I went up and defused them and had them jettisoned." Another sailor volunteered to be lowered by line through a hole in the flight deck to defuse a live bomb that had dropped to the 03 level—even though the compartment was still on fire and full of smoke. [6], The investigation found that safety regulations should have prevented the Zuni rocket from firing. Two days later, Forrestal returned to Norfolk to be welcomed home by over 3,000 family members and friends of the crew, gathered on Pier 12 and onboard Randolph, Forrestal's host ship. During the Vietnam War, he was almost killed in the 1967 USS Forrestal fire. [9]:86 Forrestal's ordnance officers reported the situation up the chain of command to the ship's commanding officer, Captain John Beling, and informed him the bombs were, in their assessment, an imminent danger to the ship and should be immediately jettisoned overboard.
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