The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions. The eastern side of the ocean was discovered by Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513 after his expedition crossed the Isthmus of Panama and reached a new ocean. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean... 3. In addition, the Pacific Ocean has served as the crash site of satellites, including Mars 96, Fobos-Grunt, and Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. The water near the equator, which can have a salinity as low as 34 parts per thousand, is less salty than that found in the mid-latitudes because of abundant equatorial precipitation throughout the year. One of the most dramatic is the Great Barrier Reef off northeastern Australia with chains of reef patches. As the only known entrance from the Atlantic, the Strait of Magellan was at times patrolled by fleets sent to prevent entrance of non-Spanish ships. By far, there are five known oceans of Earth namely: Pacific, Atlantic, Southern, Indian, at Arctic. With an area of 63.8 million square miles, or 165.25 million square kilometers, it covers around a third of the Earth's total area, more than all the land in the world. The first contact of European navigators with the western edge of the Pacific Ocean was made by the Portuguese expeditions of António de Abreu and Francisco Serrão, via the Lesser Sunda Islands, to the Maluku Islands, in 1512,[12][13] and with Jorge Álvares's expedition to southern China in 1513,[14] both ordered by Afonso de Albuquerque from Malacca. The total area of this Ocean is 73.56 million km².Many islands located in this sea like Praslin, Diego Garcia, Île Amsterdam, Pemba Island, and many more. A second island type formed of coral is the uplifted coral platform, which is usually slightly larger than the low coral islands. Covering approximately 63 million square miles and containing more than half of the free water on Earth, the Pacific is by far the largest of the world’s ocean basins. Magellan called the ocean Pacífico (or "Pacific" meaning, "peaceful") because, after sailing through the stormy seas off Cape Horn, the expedition found calm waters. The ship was launched in 2013 and is used in the installation of oil platforms at sea. Indonesia, the Philippines, Japan, New Guinea, and New Zealand lie outside the andesite line. Ocean, The coastline extends an astonishing 3,540 miles from Key West, Florida to the tip of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. [85], From 1946 to 1958, Marshall Islands served as the Pacific Proving Grounds for the United States and was the site of 67 nuclear tests on various atolls. [68] The Pacific hosts the two most active tropical cyclone basins, which are the northwestern Pacific and the eastern Pacific. The biggest shipping company in the world is A.P. It is the largest and deepest ocean of Earth. [33] After navy visits to Easter Island in 1875 and 1887, Chilean navy officer Policarpo Toro negotiated the incorporation of the island into Chile with native Rapanui in 1888. The lowest counts of less than 32 parts per thousand are found in the far north as less evaporation of seawater takes place in these frigid areas. [22], In 1564, five Spanish ships carrying 379 explorers crossed the ocean from Mexico led by Miguel López de Legazpi, and sailed to the Philippines and Mariana Islands. It has an area of 165,250,000 square kilometers or 63,800,00 square miles which covers at about 46% of Earth’s water surface and about 32% of its total surface area. Known as the largest ocean on Earth, the Pacific Ocean covers more than one-third of the Earth’s surface and nearly half of Earth’s water surface. It may be further subdivided by the equator into northern (North Pacific) and southern (South Pacific) portions. [5] The third deepest point on Earth, the Sirena Deep, is also located in the Mariana Trench. Water contains higher than 68 percent of the Earth’s facade and contributes essential supplies to all bodies. The Gulf of Mexico! [41], As the Pacific straddles the 180th meridian, the West Pacific (or western Pacific, near Asia) is in the Eastern Hemisphere, while the East Pacific (or eastern Pacific, near the Americas) is in the Western Hemisphere.[42]. Although the United States gained control of Guam and the Philippines from Spain in 1898,[35] Japan controlled most of the western Pacific by 1914 and occupied many other islands during the Pacific War; however, by the end of that war, Japan was defeated and the U.S. Pacific Fleet was the virtual master of the ocean. Image from: Britannica. Oceanic debris tends to accumulate at the center of gyres and coastlines, frequently washing aground where it is known as beach litter. Its southern arm becomes the chilled slow, south-flowing California Current. Ocean Sediments; Sea Salt Facts; Ocean Problems; Differences between the Ocean and the Sea; These are 6 Largest Clams in the World that will show you some species of bivalve mollusks that have the largest size. On a worldwide scale, May is the least active month, while September is the most active month. The Pacific Ocean is the only ocean which is mostly bounded by subduction zones. The top 10 seas in the world by area extend around the world, with most touching the Pacific. [39][40], Along the Pacific Ocean's irregular western margins lie many seas, the largest of which are the Celebes Sea, Coral Sea, East China Sea (East Sea), Philippine Sea, Sea of Japan, South China Sea (South Sea), Sulu Sea, Tasman Sea, and Yellow Sea (West Sea of Korea). The largest bony fish is the oddly shaped ocean sunfish. Its name was coined by Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan during the Spanish circumnavigation of the world in 1521, naming it Mar Pacífico. The French explored and settled Polynesia, and the British made three voyages with James Cook to the South Pacific and Australia, Hawaii, and the North American Pacific Northwest. Pacific Ocean. Numerous exceptions, however, are found throughout the world, such as the Bay of Bengal, which is larger than the Gulf of Mexico and … "North Pacific", "Pacific", and "Pacific region" redirect here. LARGEST OCEAN IN THE WORLD – In this topic, we are going to know and identify the largest ocean in the world. Davidson, James Wightman. For example, catches in the rich fishing grounds of the Okhotsk Sea off the Russian coast have been reduced by at least half since the 1990s as a result of overfishing. [51][52], Melanesia, to the southwest, includes New Guinea, the world's second largest island after Greenland and by far the largest of the Pacific islands. Its surface is INCREDIBLE, not less than 3.8 million … In 1520, navigator Ferdinand Magellan and his crew were the first to cross the Pacific in recorded history. A team of researchers in the United States and Australia led by Jenna Jambeck, an environmental engineer at the University of Georgia, analyzed plastic waste levels in the world's oceans. The 'Ring of Fire' is defined by a nearly continuous series of oceanic trenches, island arcs, and volcanic mountain ranges and/or boundaries of several plates. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. In the list of Top 10 Largest Oceans In The World, the Indian Ocean is at no 3. Pacific hurricanes form south of Mexico, sometimes striking the western Mexican coast and occasionally the southwestern United States between June and October, while typhoons forming in the northwestern Pacific moving into southeast and east Asia from May to December. [79] Overfishing has become a serious problem in some areas. [84], Marine pollution is a generic term for the harmful entry into the ocean of chemicals or particles. To the north, the Bering Strait connects the Pacific with the Arctic Ocean. The trade winds in the southern and eastern Pacific are remarkably steady while conditions in the North Pacific are far more varied with, for example, cold winter temperatures on the east coast of Russia contrasting with the milder weather off British Columbia during the winter months due to the preferred flow of ocean currents. [36] Since the end of World War II, many former colonies in the Pacific have become independent states. [58] Surface water temperatures in the Pacific can vary from −1.4 °C (29.5 °F), the freezing point of sea water, in the poleward areas to about 30 °C (86 °F) near the equator. The largest ocean in the world is the Pacific Ocean, comprising larger than one-third of the surface and approximately half of Earth. The Top ten World’s largest Oceans and Seas Rank Ocean Map Area (sq km) 1. For the region in Colombia, see, Gerlach: Marine Pollution, Springer, Berlin (1975), List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean, "Deepest Submarine Dive in History, Five Deeps Expedition Conquers Challenger Deep", "CONFIRMED: Horizon Deep Second Deepest Point on the Planet", "Catholic Encyclopedia : Ferdinand Magellan", https://www.livescience.com/29533-the-worlds-biggest-oceans-and-seas.html, "Library Acquires Copy of 1507 Waldseemüller World Map – News Releases (Library of Congress)", https://www.guampedia.com/ferdinand-magellan/, "Charles Darwin's Travels on the HMS Beagle", "A Physical, Historical, Political, & Descriptive Geography", "This ocean has most of the islands in the world", National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council, "PWLF.org – The Pacific WildLife Foundation – The Pacific Ocean", "Wind Driven Surface Currents: Equatorial Currents Background", "ENSO: Recent Evolution, Current Status and Predictions", Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory – Hurricane Research Division, "Frequently Asked Questions: When is hurricane season? High islands are of volcanic origin, and many contain active volcanoes. [15] He named it Mar del Sur (literally, "Sea of the South" or "South Sea") because the ocean was to the south of the coast of the isthmus where he first observed the Pacific. The ocean was first sighted by Spanish explorer Vasco Núñez de Balboa crossed the Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and discovered the great “southern sea” which he named Mar del Sur, which is at the eastern portion of the Pacific. and makes up about 46% of the water surface of Earth. LET March 2020 Postponed? On the western side of the Pacific Ocean the Dutch threatened the Spanish Philippines. The Pacific Ocean was born 750 million years ago at the breakup of Rodinia, although it is generally called the Panthalassa until the breakup of Pangea, about 200 million years ago. Bays and gulfs are concavities formed by tidal erosion in the coastline of an ocean, lake, or sea. It is approximately 165.2 km 2 (64.1 sq mi.) [63] The South Equatorial Current, flowing west along the equator, swings southward east of New Guinea, turns east at about 50°S, and joins the main westerly circulation of the South Pacific, which includes the Earth-circling Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Significant contributions to oceanographic knowledge were made by the voyages of HMS Beagle in the 1830s, with Charles Darwin aboard;[29] HMS Challenger during the 1870s;[30] the USS Tuscarora (1873–76);[31] and the German Gazelle (1874–76). The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz, Vanuatu, Fiji and New Caledonia. [3] Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, located in the western north Pacific, is the deepest point in the world, reaching a depth of 10,928 meters (35,853 feet). It is the largest and deepest ocean of Earth. By at least 878 when there was a significant Islamic settlement in Canton much of this trade was controlled by Arabs or Muslims. Among these are Bougainville, Hawaii, and the Solomon Islands. The Pacific Ocean contains several long seamount chains, formed by hotspot volcanism. The ocean was often called the Sea of Magellan in his honor until the eighteenth century. The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of the world ocean basins. [45], The Martin Waldseemüller map of 1507 was the first to show the Americas separating two distinct oceans. These include the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain and the Louisville Ridge. Pacific Ocean-64,196,000 square miles (166,266,877 square kilometers). [27], The 18th century marked the beginning of major exploration by the Russians in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands, such as the First Kamchatka expedition and the Great Northern Expedition, led by the Danish Russian navy officer Vitus Bering. [1], Due to the effects of plate tectonics, the Pacific Ocean is currently shrinking by roughly 2.5 cm (1 in) per year on three sides, roughly averaging 0.52 km2 (0.20 sq mi) a year. ", Routledge, David. Some 60% of the catch is made by small-scale fishers. It has an area of 165,250,000 square kilometers or 63,800,00 square miles which covers at about 46% of Earth’s water surface and about 32% of its total surface area. ", "GEOL 102 The Proterozoic Eon II: Rodinia and Pannotia", "Pacific Ocean Threats & Impacts: Overfishing and Exploitation", Plastic waste in the North Pacific is an ongoing concern, "Photos: Giant Ocean-Trash Vortex Documented – A First", "Marshall Islands marks 71 years since start of US nuclear tests on Bikini", "Bikinians evacuated 'for good of mankind' endure lengthy nuclear fallout", "How many nuclear weapons are at the bottom of the sea. [69] A climatological low in the Gulf of Alaska keeps the southern coast wet and mild during the winter months. [34](p53) By 1900 nearly all Pacific islands were in control of Britain, France, United States, Germany, Japan, and Chile.[33]. About 3000 BC, the Austronesian peoples on the island of Taiwan mastered the art of long-distance canoe travel and spread themselves and their languages south to the Philippines, Indonesia, and maritime Southeast Asia; west towards Madagascar; southeast towards New Guinea and Melanesia (intermarrying with native Papuans); and east to the islands of Micronesia, Oceania and Polynesia.[11]. Moller-Maersk Group that is a Danish business and has the world’s largest container. The underwater volcano is enormous, rising nearly a half mile (0.8 kilometers) from the ocean floor. Examples include Banaba (formerly Ocean Island) and Makatea in the Tuamotu group of French Polynesia. Ocean circulation (caused by the Coriolis effect) subdivides it[citation needed] into two largely independent volumes of water, which meet at the equator: the North(ern) Pacific Ocean and South(ern) Pacific Ocean. Manny Pacquiao ‘Wowowin’ Guesting, Preparation for 2022 Elections? Ocean between Asia and Australia in the west, the Americas in the east and Antarctica or the Southern Ocean in the south. It covers almost a third of the Earth's surface … Its average depth is 4,280 m (14,040 ft; 2,340 fathoms), putting the total water volume at roughly 710,000,000 km3 (170,000,000 cu mi). To determine the phase of ENSO, the most recent three-month sea surface temperature average for the area approximately 3,000 km (1,900 mi) to the southeast of Hawaii is computed, and if the region is more than 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) above or below normal for that period, then an El Niño or La Niña is considered in progress.[66]. This is the 3rd Largest Ocean In The World and also on our list. [59] Salinity also varies latitudinally, reaching a maximum of 37 parts per thousand in the southeastern area. “Pacific-ing Asian Pacific American History,”, This page was last edited on 15 February 2021, at 10:30. [48][49][50] The islands entirely within the Pacific Ocean can be divided into three main groups known as Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia. It covers about 1/3 of the Earth’s total surface, which makes it larger than all of the land on Earth combined. ", Korhonen, Pekka. From 1404 to 1433 Zheng He led expeditions into the Indian Ocean. Largest Ocean In The World, [60] The motion of Pacific waters is generally clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere (the North Pacific gyre) and counter-clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. In the Southern hemisphere, because of the stormy and cloudy conditions associated with extratropical cyclones riding the jet stream, it is usual to refer to the Westerlies as the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude. The Indonesian Seaway (including the Strait of Malacca and Torres Strait) joins the Pacific and the Indian Ocean to the west, and Drake Passage and the Strait of Magellan link the Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean on the east. The Pacific Ocean takes the award for being the largest ocean in the world. [73] The andesite line follows the western edge of the islands off California and passes south of the Aleutian arc, along the eastern edge of the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Kuril Islands, Japan, the Mariana Islands, the Solomon Islands, and New Zealand's North Island.[74][75]. The Japanese-ruled Northern Mariana Islands came under the control of the United States. Largest Ocean. "Problems of Pacific history. [65], In the tropical and subtropical Pacific, the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) affects weather conditions. [80], The quantity of small plastic fragments floating in the north-east Pacific Ocean increased a hundredfold between 1972 and 2012. The western Pacific has many major marginal seas, including the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan, the Sea of Okhotsk, the Philippine Sea, the Coral Sea, and the Tasman Sea. [17] Although Magellan himself died in the Philippines in 1521, Spanish navigator Juan Sebastián Elcano led the remains of the expedition back to Spain across the Indian Ocean and round the Cape of Good Hope, completing the first world circumnavigation in 1522. “The Asia-Pacific Idea: Reality and Representation in the Invention of a Regional Structure,”, Dixon, Chris, and David Drakakis-Smith. The largest ocean in the World is the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean accounts for about 50% of Earth’s volume of water. Both ocean liners and cruise ships are passenger ships. [54], Islands in the Pacific Ocean are of four basic types: continental islands, high islands, coral reefs and uplifted coral platforms. [26], In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain considered the Pacific Ocean a mare clausum—a sea closed to other naval powers. [38] The lowest known point on Earth—the Mariana Trench—lies 10,911 m (35,797 ft; 5,966 fathoms) below sea level. Here basaltic lavas gently flow out of rifts to build huge dome-shaped volcanic mountains whose eroded summits form island arcs, chains, and clusters. [56][57], Ladrilleros Beach in Colombia on the coast of Chocó natural region, Point Reyes headlands, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, Los Molinos on the coast of Southern Chile, The volume of the Pacific Ocean, representing about 50.1 percent of the world's oceanic water, has been estimated at some 714 million cubic kilometers (171 million cubic miles). In 219 BC Xu Fu sailed out into the Pacific searching for the elixir of immortality. The main culprits are those using the rivers for disposing of their waste. This is a list of seas – large divisions of the World Ocean, including areas of water, variously gulfs, bights, bays, and straits. 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[83] An estimated 80,000 metric tons of plastic inhabit the patch, totaling 1.8 trillion pieces. The biggest ship in the world by gross tonnage is the crane vessel Pioneering Spirit at a staggering 403,342 GT. The Westerlies and associated jet stream within the Mid-Latitudes can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, due to the temperature difference between the tropics and Antarctica,[70] which records the coldest temperature readings on the planet. According to the CIA World Factbook, it covers 28 percent of the Earth and is equal in size to nearly all of the land area on the Earth. "Finding the Pacific world. [44] Tsunamis, caused by underwater earthquakes, have devastated many islands and in some cases destroyed entire towns. Located between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the landmasses of the Western Hemisphere, the Pacific Ocean … [6], Important human migrations occurred in the Pacific in prehistoric times. The Arabian Sea, the largest sea in the world The golden palm of the biggest sea in the world comes down to * you can hear the roll of drums * THE ARABIAN SEA, also called the Arabian Sea. Continental islands lie outside the andesite line and include New Guinea, the islands of New Zealand, and the Philippines. The Pacific Ocean is the biggest and deepest of All the oceans in the world . [16] Magellan stopped at one uninhabited Pacific island before stopping at Guam in March 1521. Outside the andesite line, volcanism is of the explosive type, and the Pacific Ring of Fire is the world's foremost belt of explosive volcanism. 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